In the US, fewer than 1 in 10 people who have cardiac arrest outside the hospital survive. Read this summary of a research team's attempt to use AI to save lives.
Excellent review of the current clinical evidence! It is so critical to challenge existing paradigms with real data. I’ve recently been investigating how non-invasive methods like Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (60–120 BPM) can bypass structured neural blockages to normalize gait asymmetries in rehabilitation. Tracking these emerging data-driven clinical intersections is where the future of medicine is heading.
The 75-second recognition delay is the right place to intervene - it's upstream of everything else and it's where AI has a structural advantage over humans. A dispatcher managing 20 simultaneous calls cannot give a single caller the same focused attention an AI co-pilot can.
What will be interesting to watch is how ChatCPR performs across call populations with accents, background noise, or callers in distress, which is the same conditions where dispatcher recognition already struggles most.
At the very best, this story is hypothesis generating, nothing more. Show me a study where AI-supported CPR results in a meaningfully superior outcome rate of neurologically intact survival. Ceteris paribus, of course.
When AI means that CPR is no longer a violent death or permanent brain damage for the vast majority of victims... When the vast majority survive neurologically intact, it might have value. Currently CPR is a nightmare - Good Samaritan laws mean you can't sue the perpetrators for inflicting a violent death on a loved one.
Difficult interpretation of your post. Why would you want to sue someone who did anything helpful to a dead person. I guess standing there waiting would at least keep you from being accused of being a perpetrator for inflicting violent death on a dead person.
I tried what appeared to be the link to ChatCPR in the article and it went to an unknown site which I could not open. Could you give the link. I can't find it by Google, only descriptions. Thanks,
I have real-world experience with CPR and resuscitation on street corners, construction sites, hospital beds, and fully staffed Emergency Departments over the course of 40+ years. I mention this as context when I predict that AI-assisted bystander efforts at saving the lives of cardiac victims will make little to no difference in outcomes. Nice idea that should be tested, but…
I have had the same experience---mostly with in-hospital CPR during years of residency and fellowship training. It is tough enough even in the hospital setting where there is often an IV line and/or cardiac monitor lead already in place with very quick access to a defibrillator. I am skeptical about the value of CPR training and certification for events taking place elsewhere.
Yes - my first experiences with CPR were as a teenage hospital orderly and full time ambulance EMT-P back in the late 1970’s. Eventually I found my way to board certification in EM. In all those years, on the streets, on the hospital wards, and in the ED, CPR efforts most often ended with failure. The saves are so memorable because they were rare. The most poignant memory was when I saved the life of 4 year old Hansa Lindsay. He had fallen into a fast flowing but shallow creek. I saw his body rolling along in the stream and I jumped in, pulled him out, and saw he was blue and not breathing. I had just graduated from my first EMT class. I didn’t do things perfectly, but several mouth-to-mouth breaths got him to vomit in my face and to start coughing. An ambulance team quickly showed up and took him away. That evening I took care of him on the peds ward where I had started working several months previously.
Of course there are many other stories and you certainly have many…
Back to the topic - even getting people to use an AED which comes with its own instructions is very challenging.
I get recertification in CPR and First Aid every two years (usually bringing friends or family along) and would love to have an app for additional instruction. It would be ideal if the app monthly or so prompted you to open it for a 1-minute refresher.
Well, this is way off topic, so I hesitate - but maybe a post of its own is in the future.
I have a small Assisted Living home in South FL, and as such, we encounter emergency situations more frequently than most. Our staff are trained in CPR and many of our residents have DNROs.
This comment is about another type of emergency. Your resident is in the ER or maybe has been admitted for example this one was a seizure triggered by a side effect: SIADH.
I've been skeptical of AI, everywhere from the ordering screens replacing people at restaurants to "Alexa", ChatGPT for students failing to learn and EllieQ gave me the heebeejeebies.
For a problem much more common than I realized, that I've informally polled with 75% of ALF Admins even know about, it's been a lifesaver.
As antipsychotics and other mental health meds became more common over my 16-year career as owner/operator of a small one, I worried that these residents will 'become their diagnosis', and it's happened. The focus with MH residents becomes controlling behavior. This can be a problem.
The large corporate ones have security cameras, and charting is where they use AI, but just to record data, not to actively help avoid deadly drug interactions.
To be clear, we are Assisted Living. Some larger corporate ALFs have nurses, but just for minor first aid, mostly. Everyone's myriad insurance rip-off HMOs and Medicare mean their own doctors, almost endless referrals, pre-approvals, but that's another subject.
Nobody in our world acts as a SNF nor do we have doctors or ARNPs to review meds at large.
I happen to be a real estate appraiser of 42 years, and my Life in that profession is RESEARCH.
I see a pattern, run the search on a different map, figure out the reason for the variation in (marketing time, other factors and eventually, comparative values)
On Monday, Memorial Day, our Minerva needed to pee, so she said. I'd noticed a pattern and stayed over for weeks to verify it, day and night. She felt the urge, and most often got up to go, but on arrival, sat and said, "Oh, I guess not, nothing's happening." So after a week or two, my "Duh" reflex kicked in. I'd noticed and occasionally started to use the AI mode in my Google search.
Nobody trains Anybody in Assisted Living on drug interactions and side effects. It's a BIG subject and if we made it a requirement, all ALFs would close due to the liability in over-regulation.
Minerva had also had a seizure or two, a couple of years ago. Meanwhile her son and I have whittled and changed medications for her, adding phosphatidylserine, alphabet vitamins, dried beef liver caps (don't get me started on the inappropriately Low threshold and ferritin issues - they indirectly cause falls, the single biggest mortality factor in my world)
So AI had been handy for that.
It seemed she was also inordinately thirsty. I had thought it's part of her MH issues to gulp water, so despite her complaints, I began to insist they do Not put ice cubes in her tea & coffee, but that she learn (and she did on days when I was present at breakfast) patience by giving her tea with a splash of milk, but No ice. She'd touch the cup, complain it's hot, and we now say, "Sure, but everyone else has theirs much hotter. It will cool, just sip carefully." Getting her to slow down also included smaller spoons, so she had time to chat and normalize. I thought it was behavioral and partly it was.
I didn't realize the Thirst driven by one medication and the SIADH locked in place by two others.
She wanted to dump the water, but seldom peed successfully before noon.
My research revealed the medication issue.
Her "psych provider" is a face on a screen - these people make only Outgoing calls. You Cannot Call them; her son arrives every 6 weeks or so cellphone in hand, missing work and whatever mood she's in and in the afternoon, everyone says "She's fine", when in the morning she may have slapped me or other staff members because she couldn't do what Everyone does, pee the first thing, before getting dressed and going to breakfast.
The fluid was retained by the drugs' actions and sodium was diluted. Fussiness was also BP from a full bladder, warring factions of her body's operation under medication. It Depended not on only Today's fluid intake/output, but the past Three days or so, and overall level of electrolytes.
We also tend to divorce brain from body and "other" mental health patients/residents.
This AI helped a LOT, but we didn't have Time to go through fixing it, as it turned out.
One seizure happened before 3 am on 4/4, and she was taken to the ER for an unobserved fall. This was a Saturday morning and my phone was not on my nightstand. I'd just asked her son to give me access to labs via MyChart, so when I saw the ER I called them first, before my staff. She walks without devices - I was sure it was someone else, but still, I logged in to see if it was Minerva, while dialing at 6:30.
Lo & behold, there are new labs to see.
The ER nurse answered, and I identified myself. "Wait, what's your name?" Doreen Campbell, I own an ALF... "Oh, yes, I see she has a mental health diagnosis so I think it's that."
That rang a bell. I asked if I was Not the owner of the house, her Son is and I let staff abuse her.
"Yes, that's what she said!" came the stunned answer. "OK, look at the sodium level, I think she's had a seizure from hyponatremia." She read the notes and we agreed it's possible. I mentioned SIADH and she said she was new to the ER. She understood once I explained but was skeptical simple sodium could cause that and why didn't we just give her more salt on her food...
OK, I said to watch the sodium level (was 118 at 3 am admission, edging up b/c the First thing they do is a saline drip) However, it also Adds Water...
Discharge would be later, and I said I'd call about 9:15 or sooner if I saw significant improvement. We would then see who I was when she asked Minerva.
At 915 as I reached for the phone and it rang. "Hello, this is Flo the ER nurse and you're a genius!" It seems she'd seen significant improvement in sodium, as I did, and mentioned me to a Different woman who said, "Oh, Doreen?! She's wonderful, and takes Great care of me and my friends. Can she come and take me home? She is the owner of the house."
Well, well, well, if it ain't the invisible drug interactions again...
So she was released, but I feared a repeat given the obstacles to responsive drug changes. Luckily she had a psych "visit", to use the term loosely, and mirtazipine was cut in half to 7.5 with the plan to end it June 1. That left risperidone and venlafaxine, actually bigger culprits per AI.
Algo es algo (Minerva's Gringa Latina like me)
Then Monday, an Observed seizure while on the toilet trying to pee. Medics came she went to ER. I joined her an hour later, and she'd not peed much, if at all. I explained to ER nurse SIADH and she said, "I know the term, but it must be rare." Nope, it's RARELY Considered b/c the rush is to Stable Vital signs and a discharge when the problem isn't Right in our faces.
So now they admitted her and we were both relieved when she peed big in the ER, and became Responsive. But there was word salad... In Spanish, and attempts to get out of bed to go pee. Previously she had been fine with the purewick and her output could be handily measured. This 2nd time, whether because of a weekday or the individual doctor, the drip was Not in place, precisely to Avoid dilution of sodium, this time I might get the Root Cause addressed.
Nope, two days later, they're telling me: "Look at her, she's happy, she loves you, she's Fine. It's Not a psych issue, we've given the same meds she came in on. Follow up with psych later. We're just going to give her Sodium pills and maybe a diuretic.
You Cannot Make this stuff Up!
Her kidney function panel was off and by Wednesday the nephrologist tells me, "It's the bad diet syndrome, we see it. Not enough protein." (meanwhile feeding her a Standard Tray) That day I said well I'm staying til Lunch. This woman gets protein (we're I think the first bio-hacking alf) and if not for that, she would not be here. The evening labs showed marked improvement in albumin and anion gap, but they Still wanted us to deal with psych Later...
Yeah, AI was Very helpful to me and Minerva. It remains to see if they'll Switch her to Abilify from risperidone and OH, she tested initially Monday, toxically high for keppra, a drug she hasn't taken in over a year. So again AI to the rescue, but it's Getting them to Listen that's a challenge. The drug is a chemical cousin to Briviact, her current anticonvulsant.
I asked for the test to be done properly so they can Adjust the Dose properly and Briviact now has a generic so part D is done with the brand name and locally we only find 50 mg, not 75. So now I have to Insist they give us enough at discharge to last several days, to be sure that is sorted out.
I'd say, now that she is speaking both languages again fluently, that she was near death on Monday, slurring word salad in Spanish. Likely saved her life and totally certain her quality of life with AI.
Thank you for exploring innovation for emergency care. Consider riding with EMS if you have not yet, I trust you will find the experience informative. From my vantage point practicing emergency medicine, the critical actions in the field including calling 911, finding a defibrillator (most incorporate computerized voice instructions), and CPR. If a shockable rhythm is present, electricity saves lives. Quick intubation by EMS may be critical, too. I recall the days when start-ups used Google glasses to incorporate CPR/ACLS instructions, and apps for the ER with ACLS prompts. None worked in practice. My concern is causing any delays in calling 911 and accessing a defibrillator. Outside the hospital, people naturally panic and usually struggle to think clearly. Some people are hesitant to touch a stranger without gloves or a mask. Rather than chatting with an AI agent, they should be doing the non-chatting things. That being said. I’m not a digital native.
What a great idea, and I applaud all the hard work that went into it.
I realize that implementation of such an app or however else the tool is used is still in the works. Do you have a vision of how this technology would be used?
An app sounds like a great idea, until I realize that first I have to unlock my phone. As this would not be an app that would be used frequently, it will probably tell you it needs to update before you can use it. If it requires a login, that's another step. All this while my heart is racing and my adrenaline is pumping.
However it is implemented, please make sure it is easy to use and easily accessible, otherwise you may as well just talk to the 911 dispatcher.
I am an ordinary citizen and I would love to have that tool! My brother had a cardiac arrest and the only reason he’s alive now is his event happened on a military base gym where there was a conference of Marine medics, several of whom were working out in the gym at the same time. That was 20 years ago. My brother just became a grandfather for the first time yesterday.
I would suggest the reason your brother is alive was because he was young and healthy. That's the cohort CPR was designed for. Now elderly demented cancer patients get CPR...
Excellent review of the current clinical evidence! It is so critical to challenge existing paradigms with real data. I’ve recently been investigating how non-invasive methods like Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (60–120 BPM) can bypass structured neural blockages to normalize gait asymmetries in rehabilitation. Tracking these emerging data-driven clinical intersections is where the future of medicine is heading.
Put your phone down. Do compressions. They’re already dead, you’re not gonna hurt them.
Thanks all for the compelling conversation. My apologies for the open source material link being broken. As a remedy it is here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HIdE_XPHS4K2Iph0GzI81O_nTQlzRQ50/view?usp=sharing And on the JAMA IM website it is there also.
The 75-second recognition delay is the right place to intervene - it's upstream of everything else and it's where AI has a structural advantage over humans. A dispatcher managing 20 simultaneous calls cannot give a single caller the same focused attention an AI co-pilot can.
What will be interesting to watch is how ChatCPR performs across call populations with accents, background noise, or callers in distress, which is the same conditions where dispatcher recognition already struggles most.
At the very best, this story is hypothesis generating, nothing more. Show me a study where AI-supported CPR results in a meaningfully superior outcome rate of neurologically intact survival. Ceteris paribus, of course.
It's not open source. Many cannot access the site.
When AI means that CPR is no longer a violent death or permanent brain damage for the vast majority of victims... When the vast majority survive neurologically intact, it might have value. Currently CPR is a nightmare - Good Samaritan laws mean you can't sue the perpetrators for inflicting a violent death on a loved one.
Difficult interpretation of your post. Why would you want to sue someone who did anything helpful to a dead person. I guess standing there waiting would at least keep you from being accused of being a perpetrator for inflicting violent death on a dead person.
I tried what appeared to be the link to ChatCPR in the article and it went to an unknown site which I could not open. Could you give the link. I can't find it by Google, only descriptions. Thanks,
I have real-world experience with CPR and resuscitation on street corners, construction sites, hospital beds, and fully staffed Emergency Departments over the course of 40+ years. I mention this as context when I predict that AI-assisted bystander efforts at saving the lives of cardiac victims will make little to no difference in outcomes. Nice idea that should be tested, but…
I have had the same experience---mostly with in-hospital CPR during years of residency and fellowship training. It is tough enough even in the hospital setting where there is often an IV line and/or cardiac monitor lead already in place with very quick access to a defibrillator. I am skeptical about the value of CPR training and certification for events taking place elsewhere.
Yes - my first experiences with CPR were as a teenage hospital orderly and full time ambulance EMT-P back in the late 1970’s. Eventually I found my way to board certification in EM. In all those years, on the streets, on the hospital wards, and in the ED, CPR efforts most often ended with failure. The saves are so memorable because they were rare. The most poignant memory was when I saved the life of 4 year old Hansa Lindsay. He had fallen into a fast flowing but shallow creek. I saw his body rolling along in the stream and I jumped in, pulled him out, and saw he was blue and not breathing. I had just graduated from my first EMT class. I didn’t do things perfectly, but several mouth-to-mouth breaths got him to vomit in my face and to start coughing. An ambulance team quickly showed up and took him away. That evening I took care of him on the peds ward where I had started working several months previously.
Of course there are many other stories and you certainly have many…
Back to the topic - even getting people to use an AED which comes with its own instructions is very challenging.
I get recertification in CPR and First Aid every two years (usually bringing friends or family along) and would love to have an app for additional instruction. It would be ideal if the app monthly or so prompted you to open it for a 1-minute refresher.
Great job and vision on putting this forward!
"Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute - the very institute that pioneered CPR"
Really!!! What about Peter Safer and Freedom House in the Hill District in Pittsburgh??
Yep it was a UCSD <> Safer Institute collab
Well, this is way off topic, so I hesitate - but maybe a post of its own is in the future.
I have a small Assisted Living home in South FL, and as such, we encounter emergency situations more frequently than most. Our staff are trained in CPR and many of our residents have DNROs.
This comment is about another type of emergency. Your resident is in the ER or maybe has been admitted for example this one was a seizure triggered by a side effect: SIADH.
I've been skeptical of AI, everywhere from the ordering screens replacing people at restaurants to "Alexa", ChatGPT for students failing to learn and EllieQ gave me the heebeejeebies.
For a problem much more common than I realized, that I've informally polled with 75% of ALF Admins even know about, it's been a lifesaver.
As antipsychotics and other mental health meds became more common over my 16-year career as owner/operator of a small one, I worried that these residents will 'become their diagnosis', and it's happened. The focus with MH residents becomes controlling behavior. This can be a problem.
The large corporate ones have security cameras, and charting is where they use AI, but just to record data, not to actively help avoid deadly drug interactions.
To be clear, we are Assisted Living. Some larger corporate ALFs have nurses, but just for minor first aid, mostly. Everyone's myriad insurance rip-off HMOs and Medicare mean their own doctors, almost endless referrals, pre-approvals, but that's another subject.
Nobody in our world acts as a SNF nor do we have doctors or ARNPs to review meds at large.
I happen to be a real estate appraiser of 42 years, and my Life in that profession is RESEARCH.
I see a pattern, run the search on a different map, figure out the reason for the variation in (marketing time, other factors and eventually, comparative values)
On Monday, Memorial Day, our Minerva needed to pee, so she said. I'd noticed a pattern and stayed over for weeks to verify it, day and night. She felt the urge, and most often got up to go, but on arrival, sat and said, "Oh, I guess not, nothing's happening." So after a week or two, my "Duh" reflex kicked in. I'd noticed and occasionally started to use the AI mode in my Google search.
Nobody trains Anybody in Assisted Living on drug interactions and side effects. It's a BIG subject and if we made it a requirement, all ALFs would close due to the liability in over-regulation.
Minerva had also had a seizure or two, a couple of years ago. Meanwhile her son and I have whittled and changed medications for her, adding phosphatidylserine, alphabet vitamins, dried beef liver caps (don't get me started on the inappropriately Low threshold and ferritin issues - they indirectly cause falls, the single biggest mortality factor in my world)
So AI had been handy for that.
It seemed she was also inordinately thirsty. I had thought it's part of her MH issues to gulp water, so despite her complaints, I began to insist they do Not put ice cubes in her tea & coffee, but that she learn (and she did on days when I was present at breakfast) patience by giving her tea with a splash of milk, but No ice. She'd touch the cup, complain it's hot, and we now say, "Sure, but everyone else has theirs much hotter. It will cool, just sip carefully." Getting her to slow down also included smaller spoons, so she had time to chat and normalize. I thought it was behavioral and partly it was.
I didn't realize the Thirst driven by one medication and the SIADH locked in place by two others.
She wanted to dump the water, but seldom peed successfully before noon.
My research revealed the medication issue.
Her "psych provider" is a face on a screen - these people make only Outgoing calls. You Cannot Call them; her son arrives every 6 weeks or so cellphone in hand, missing work and whatever mood she's in and in the afternoon, everyone says "She's fine", when in the morning she may have slapped me or other staff members because she couldn't do what Everyone does, pee the first thing, before getting dressed and going to breakfast.
The fluid was retained by the drugs' actions and sodium was diluted. Fussiness was also BP from a full bladder, warring factions of her body's operation under medication. It Depended not on only Today's fluid intake/output, but the past Three days or so, and overall level of electrolytes.
We also tend to divorce brain from body and "other" mental health patients/residents.
This AI helped a LOT, but we didn't have Time to go through fixing it, as it turned out.
One seizure happened before 3 am on 4/4, and she was taken to the ER for an unobserved fall. This was a Saturday morning and my phone was not on my nightstand. I'd just asked her son to give me access to labs via MyChart, so when I saw the ER I called them first, before my staff. She walks without devices - I was sure it was someone else, but still, I logged in to see if it was Minerva, while dialing at 6:30.
Lo & behold, there are new labs to see.
The ER nurse answered, and I identified myself. "Wait, what's your name?" Doreen Campbell, I own an ALF... "Oh, yes, I see she has a mental health diagnosis so I think it's that."
That rang a bell. I asked if I was Not the owner of the house, her Son is and I let staff abuse her.
"Yes, that's what she said!" came the stunned answer. "OK, look at the sodium level, I think she's had a seizure from hyponatremia." She read the notes and we agreed it's possible. I mentioned SIADH and she said she was new to the ER. She understood once I explained but was skeptical simple sodium could cause that and why didn't we just give her more salt on her food...
OK, I said to watch the sodium level (was 118 at 3 am admission, edging up b/c the First thing they do is a saline drip) However, it also Adds Water...
Discharge would be later, and I said I'd call about 9:15 or sooner if I saw significant improvement. We would then see who I was when she asked Minerva.
At 915 as I reached for the phone and it rang. "Hello, this is Flo the ER nurse and you're a genius!" It seems she'd seen significant improvement in sodium, as I did, and mentioned me to a Different woman who said, "Oh, Doreen?! She's wonderful, and takes Great care of me and my friends. Can she come and take me home? She is the owner of the house."
Well, well, well, if it ain't the invisible drug interactions again...
So she was released, but I feared a repeat given the obstacles to responsive drug changes. Luckily she had a psych "visit", to use the term loosely, and mirtazipine was cut in half to 7.5 with the plan to end it June 1. That left risperidone and venlafaxine, actually bigger culprits per AI.
Algo es algo (Minerva's Gringa Latina like me)
Then Monday, an Observed seizure while on the toilet trying to pee. Medics came she went to ER. I joined her an hour later, and she'd not peed much, if at all. I explained to ER nurse SIADH and she said, "I know the term, but it must be rare." Nope, it's RARELY Considered b/c the rush is to Stable Vital signs and a discharge when the problem isn't Right in our faces.
So now they admitted her and we were both relieved when she peed big in the ER, and became Responsive. But there was word salad... In Spanish, and attempts to get out of bed to go pee. Previously she had been fine with the purewick and her output could be handily measured. This 2nd time, whether because of a weekday or the individual doctor, the drip was Not in place, precisely to Avoid dilution of sodium, this time I might get the Root Cause addressed.
Nope, two days later, they're telling me: "Look at her, she's happy, she loves you, she's Fine. It's Not a psych issue, we've given the same meds she came in on. Follow up with psych later. We're just going to give her Sodium pills and maybe a diuretic.
You Cannot Make this stuff Up!
Her kidney function panel was off and by Wednesday the nephrologist tells me, "It's the bad diet syndrome, we see it. Not enough protein." (meanwhile feeding her a Standard Tray) That day I said well I'm staying til Lunch. This woman gets protein (we're I think the first bio-hacking alf) and if not for that, she would not be here. The evening labs showed marked improvement in albumin and anion gap, but they Still wanted us to deal with psych Later...
Yeah, AI was Very helpful to me and Minerva. It remains to see if they'll Switch her to Abilify from risperidone and OH, she tested initially Monday, toxically high for keppra, a drug she hasn't taken in over a year. So again AI to the rescue, but it's Getting them to Listen that's a challenge. The drug is a chemical cousin to Briviact, her current anticonvulsant.
I asked for the test to be done properly so they can Adjust the Dose properly and Briviact now has a generic so part D is done with the brand name and locally we only find 50 mg, not 75. So now I have to Insist they give us enough at discharge to last several days, to be sure that is sorted out.
I'd say, now that she is speaking both languages again fluently, that she was near death on Monday, slurring word salad in Spanish. Likely saved her life and totally certain her quality of life with AI.
Thank you for exploring innovation for emergency care. Consider riding with EMS if you have not yet, I trust you will find the experience informative. From my vantage point practicing emergency medicine, the critical actions in the field including calling 911, finding a defibrillator (most incorporate computerized voice instructions), and CPR. If a shockable rhythm is present, electricity saves lives. Quick intubation by EMS may be critical, too. I recall the days when start-ups used Google glasses to incorporate CPR/ACLS instructions, and apps for the ER with ACLS prompts. None worked in practice. My concern is causing any delays in calling 911 and accessing a defibrillator. Outside the hospital, people naturally panic and usually struggle to think clearly. Some people are hesitant to touch a stranger without gloves or a mask. Rather than chatting with an AI agent, they should be doing the non-chatting things. That being said. I’m not a digital native.
Can't wait to look into the codes/repos. Excited to see more use cases like this. The open source link seems to be just placeholder as of now.
What a great idea, and I applaud all the hard work that went into it.
I realize that implementation of such an app or however else the tool is used is still in the works. Do you have a vision of how this technology would be used?
An app sounds like a great idea, until I realize that first I have to unlock my phone. As this would not be an app that would be used frequently, it will probably tell you it needs to update before you can use it. If it requires a login, that's another step. All this while my heart is racing and my adrenaline is pumping.
However it is implemented, please make sure it is easy to use and easily accessible, otherwise you may as well just talk to the 911 dispatcher.
Absolutely! I hadn't thought of that, but you're right.
I am an ordinary citizen and I would love to have that tool! My brother had a cardiac arrest and the only reason he’s alive now is his event happened on a military base gym where there was a conference of Marine medics, several of whom were working out in the gym at the same time. That was 20 years ago. My brother just became a grandfather for the first time yesterday.
I would suggest the reason your brother is alive was because he was young and healthy. That's the cohort CPR was designed for. Now elderly demented cancer patients get CPR...
With proper empathy and care, elderly demented cancer patients do not get CPR.